FEMA Flood Maps to Include Elevation Increase of One to Five Feet on Average
The Advisory Base Flood Elevations will be published Saturday morning. FEMA hosted a teleconference Friday to explain the motivation behind the reports.
UPDATE: New "Advisory Base Flood Elevations" are now posted to this interactive map. More resources are available on FEMA's ABFE page for New Jersey and New York.
__________
New maps being released by the Federal Emergency Management Agency Saturday will recommend that residents in flood zones in 10 counties and 194 communities throughout the state consider raising their homes anywhere between one and five feet on average, FEMA officials said Friday.
The maps, part of the agency’s Advisory Base Flood Elevations, are being published online Saturday morning and will likely be used by communities to help establish standards during the rebuilding process following the destruction of Hurricane Sandy.
Although the data used in the storm does not include any relating to Sandy, officials say it best represents the type of flood protection needed during similar storms that have a one percent chance of occurring each year.
Communities and residents that are rebuilding after Sandy are looking for the type of guidance that will lead to stronger, safer, and more resilient buildings going forward, FEMA Risk Analysis Branch Chief Ryan Pietramali said during a Friday afternoon teleconference. This data will provide the first step.
“(We want to) make sure as they begin their recovery they are making informed decisions based on sound science,” he said.
The Advisory Base Flood Elevations, or ABFEs, are the result of an analysis of past storms, changing and more detailed topography, and weather’s impacted on 1,800 miles of coastal, tidal zones.
Pietramali said FEMA has been working on establishing new Flood Insurance Rate Maps for both New Jersey and New York for the past two years, though they aren’t expected until next year as a preliminary draft and officially introduced in 2014. The decision to expedite the release of the ABFEs was done to assist in the rebuilding process moving forward.
This type of report has not been reexamined and readjusted in more than 25 years, officials said.
FEMA officials could not say which towns would be most impacted by the new ABFEs, but did indicate that, on average, flood elevation protection has increased about three and a half feet over current Flood Insurance Rate Maps, or FIRMs. Some towns would even see their expected flood elevation at more than five feet, though which towns fall into that category were not revealed.
The mapping includes three different zones. V Zones are high hazard zones that would be impacted by ocean waves during a one percent storm, like homes along the ocean. A Zones are also high hazard zones, but would only have expectation of significant damage during one percent chance storms. The final zone is the X Zone, which present moderate hazard.
Towns included in the new mapping, as well as the flood risk assessment and relevant flood data can be found on FEMA’s Region2Coastal website in an interactive map beginning Saturday morning. The 10 counties included in the ABFEs are Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington, Cape May, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, and Union Counties.
Much has changed over the past 25 years in how flood risk can be measured, Pietramali said. The science of how we understand coastal hazards has become more precise and accurate, which allows FEMA to better assess risk. The result, he said he believes, will be communities that are built stronger and safer.
Residents should know, Pietramali said, that insurance premiums are based on effective flood maps, not on the advisory map. Residents who are required to purchase flood insurance will see their rates rise in January, though he said it’s based on expiring federal regulations, and is not specific to New Jersey.
There might be a silver lining for some residents who are rebuilding and required to purchase flood insurance. The advisory maps being released often represent higher elevations than those presented in flood insurance maps. Building at or above advisory rates could help save money when it comes to paying for insurance, he said.
When it comes to raising your house to the new flood elevation levels, homeowners with flood insurance can apply for Increased Cost of Compliance funding, which can provide up to $30,000. Homeowners who suffered flooding from Sandy and don’t have flood insurance aren’t eligible, unfortunately, Bill McDonnell, FEMA’s deputy branch manager for hazard mitigation said. Homeowners can still apply for low-interest loans from the Small Business Administration.
“It’s something you can do, now, that hopefully will offset some of the future costs,” he said.
Official use of ABFEs depends on the town. McDonnell said it's possible that municipalities included in the report could adopt the elevation standards through a new ordinance, though the ABFEs is still just an advisory document.
Should municipalities adopt the standards, McDonnell said it would allow communities and citizens to take ownership by better understanding the risk and taking effective action to prevent future disaster.
Coral
6:56 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
10 years from now that probably will not even work either
Martin
7:10 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
Because climate change means melting ice caps, higher seas and more violent storms.
anonymous
9:59 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
You all need to do some research on your own before you make such patently ridiculous remarks. Yes, the climate is changing; it always has and it always will. In fact, however, worldwide temperatures have been dropping since 1998, the polar ice caps are expanding, and sea level is not rising. If you rely on the mainstream media for your information, all you will get is the lies they have been spoon-feeding all of us for decades as part of their agenda. Get your information from the Internet and start getting the facts, not the lies they are feeding you so they can raise taxes to fight a problem that does not exist and could not be prevented even if it did exist.
GB Shore
6:58 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
HA HA HA.....well, it makes sense for those who wer devastated to raise the height, if they are going to rebuild but yeah sure, how much will it cost me to raise my house??? That has got to be the most asinine comment I have seen in awhile..."we recommend if you live in this zone to raise your homes 1 to 5 feet.... " Oh yeah....let me just move that $50k over from my money market account.... :-)
Rick
7:13 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
Okay, so they should leave their houses at the same level they are now and then expect FEMA and/or their insurance company to pay out the next time the fit hits the shan?
Or should they just rebuild in place and then have FEMA and/or insurance company deny their next claim because they didn't follow recommended standards?
georgie
7:43 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
George
50 k to you is no big deal right?
Kim E
11:26 pm on Monday, December 17, 2012
If you have flood insurance ,they will help pay to raise the home. .
Elayna C
1:02 pm on Friday, February 1, 2013
50K to raise your house? Not in this world. And many homes cannot be raised. So what is that? 100 to demolish and remove then 300 to rebuild?
Dozer Dave
6:42 pm on Friday, February 22, 2013
George
I thought you were super rich?
Ajv
7:13 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
Oh yeah we r party over hear in lavalette
Martin
9:43 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
No disaster aid for NJ, says the party of NO in Congress. Christie should publicly denounce all the Tea Partiers, Grover Norquist, Boner & Co.
Fast and Furious
9:52 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
Martin where is the money coming from? Do you know we owe 17 trillion in debt? Didn't visa cancel our credit card?
Peter M. Clausen III
7:34 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
Just got a nasty warning from Berkeley Township not to put out bulk trash too early.Hey Anderson, we had a hurricane , remember, or is your memory that short?
In case you haven't noticed there are piles of remains from the storm still around.
Bagodoughnuts
7:42 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
The new standard is that houses below or at sea level must be constructed on pilings and hurricane strapping. So, if your at sea level for instance, you add the flood stage level in feet. New construction only . @ Rick, we have been paying fla. & la. For fifty years with no change in their building codes. I'm sorry to say but we are throwing money away . 100's of millions a year. 1 good nor'easter and its gone. Mother Nature always WINS!
Rick
2:10 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
Actually Florida is constantly upgrading its building code especially zones. I can't speak for Louisiana, but I'm sure they are too.
Sal
8:23 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
The Tea Party Republicans in Congress are squawking about authorizing the $60 billion for recovery assistance for NY/NJ/CT. Back when George Bush was our President they authorized $130 billion after Hurricane Katrina and far less homes were damaged and destroyed on the Gulf Coast__compared to the damage done by. Sandy.with 305,000 damaged/destroyed housing units in NY alone. Back in 2004 the Republicans in Congress all voted to spend $87 billion on recovery in Iraq and now they will not agree to spend $60 billion in our own country. It seems like the Republicans in Congress care more about helping Muslims in Iraq than they care about helping people in their own country.
wookfish
9:30 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
WTF are you talking about?
Fred Roll
10:08 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
Bla, Bla, Bla, The administration is Democrat, and has been for awhile. Try to remember where the buck stops.
It's called Leadership !
Robert Bressman
12:47 pm on Saturday, December 15, 2012
The problem with the 60 billion, it's not all for the Sandy relief effort, in the bill is the repairing of existing forts, Gitmo, and perks for other states thrown in there. A third of the money requested has nothing to do with the damage from the hurricane. Look it up
Rick
4:38 pm on Saturday, December 15, 2012
Mr Bressman, Appropriation bills are rarely, if ever, only for one item. You can be sure that when they wrote an emergency appropriation bill after Katrina hit New Orleans there was some money in there to rebuild a bridge in California and to protect some Pinelands Farting Frog here in NJ
Marc Flora
9:33 pm on Sunday, December 16, 2012
I'm with you on this.
Dentss Dunnagun
5:47 pm on Thursday, January 24, 2013
Sal care to translate that for us .....
oclocal1
8:25 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
How the hell can anyone after losing everything be expected and basically forced when this all said and done to pay the money to raise there homes when the insurance companies still to most of us have not either paid or given us numbers of what they want to pay out. Funny how we pay our premiums for many years and when the adjusters come they only want to tell you what you are not covered for!!
This storm was A disaster for many many people and now it has become A disaster with the insurance companies and even FEMA!!
Dentss Dunnagun
5:50 pm on Thursday, January 24, 2013
I'm surprised towns don't help pay for this ...Imagine all waterfront homes being donated to the state for parks ..Homeowner gets the tax write off...towns lose the property tax and must pass loss on to the rest of the town .....
Sal
8:26 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
Very few people will be able to afford to rebuild their homes or elevate their homes without FEMA assistance and so far the Republicans in Congress told President Obama___NO we are not authorizing $60 billion to rebuild NY/NJ/CT
Donna Griffin
9:39 pm on Saturday, December 15, 2012
Sal - Perhaps if we promise to add solar panels to the devastated properties from a company which coincidentally happens to contribute heavily to the Democrat party we may get the federal aid necessary to rebuild. Just an observation on how we could have half a billion dollars available this very minute.
barbara dalessio
9:07 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
I guess Frank Pallone will give all of us the money. Since he promised to fix our problem on Port Monmouth.
Bill
10:18 pm on Friday, December 14, 2012
Hey Sal
I'd rather everybody get their free OBAMA phones instead.. so the DemocRATS can buy more votes !
Ken
6:24 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
I don't think FEMA should be giving homeowner or renter any $$$. They should only help towns and counties rebuild the infrastructure. You want to live where it floods and not have insurance shame on you.
gjc
6:50 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
FEMAs primary charge is to help individual citizens. Even if someone has flood and homeowner's insurance, it doesn't mean that all or even most expenses are paid. That's the purpose of government - to help citizens in need.
Rick
10:05 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
gjc,
The purpose of government - to help citizens in need?
Find that in the Constitution.
The nine most terrifying words in the English language are, 'I'm from the government and I'm here to help.'
Ronald Reagan
Bill
3:00 pm on Saturday, December 15, 2012
I agree with you Rick ! The problem with people today is that they feel "government" (read that as "we the taxpayers") are supposed to take care of them from cradle to grave. I got flooded.. I bought flood insurance and paid the premium for many years.. that's called "being responsible for yourself"... not blaming someone else !!
foggyworld
9:30 pm on Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Some of my neighbors needed that fema money but they aren't living very well. Some are in Section 8 housing or in flea bag motels that often throw them out if higher paying customers want a room. The couple I have in mind has absolutely nothing and the least we can hope for is they stay healthy, continue to work, and find the gumption to start all over. And remember those folks are still paying their mortgages and slightly reduced taxes and it is far from easy and will not last all that long
Adam
7:59 am on Wednesday, February 13, 2013
Ken,
In the 30 years that we have lived in Brick, not once had we flooded. Unbelievable as it may seem, we are not close to the ocean/canal/bay. Our mortgage company did not require/advise us to have flood insurance for the past 30 years. The storm SURGE caused a small creek that I did not even know was close to raise the water table and with nowhere else to flowed back through the water pipes into the sewers and flood the street and my front yard, driveway and side yard. We had 5 inches of salt water in garage and enclosed porch, it ruined our central air unit and lost one car as the undercarriage holds all the safety sensors (i.e.airbags, anti-lock brakes).
Will we get flood insurance now...definitely! However, the cost on an annual policy could cost $24,000 to $31,000, can you afford that in today's economy. My home is a ranch on a slab and not a great candidate to raise or put on pilings. If the shoe was on the other foot, I wonder how you would feel. I say, Shame on you, for not understanding others plights.
Rick
2:16 pm on Wednesday, February 13, 2013
Adam, I would like to point out that the flood water didn't back up through the sewers. It backed up through storm drains, which in Ocean County are separate from the sewer lines.
If it had backed up through sewer lines, you would have been cleaning a lot more than brackish salt water out of your garage.
Big Whitey
7:48 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
I think people should be responsible for their own homes and not rely on Government. Build a house on the beach and its washed away? Too bad, if they cant afford to rebuild, it wont happen again. As I ride around and see the mounds of garbage, I ask myself this-If no one had insurance or FEMA, would all this stuff be out there? Maybe they would have washed some stuff off. The moneyeveryone wants to give away is our money, well, really our kids money. They are the ones that have to pay back China. Whats gonna happen to the people that cant afford flood insurance? More will lose their homes because of that than from Sandy.
Dentss Dunnagun
4:39 am on Friday, January 25, 2013
"Ask not what I can do for my country but my country can do for me" ............
foggyworld
9:46 pm on Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Maybe you ought to get out of your car & actually talk with the people you are typecasting. In our neighborhood several of us rented dumpsters for over six weeks and they were for all to use. Neighbors have helped neighbors in so many ways and with so much of their dignity having been tossed by Sandy's wind, they still want to come back and many of them will & are doing much of the physical labor themselves.
The garbage situation in our area was dictated to us by our town fathers. We have had to drag some unbelievably heavy, messy and dirty things to a mythical curb line because the large trucks used often were snow plows that weren't the best vehicles for the job. And some of the garbage even came to us from other neighborhoods and areas and other than four hours of work volunteered by a nearby community group, we have been out there picking up the stuff. I purchased a new wagon and large can and tongs and garbage bags so that I could become more efficient. And I haven't asked for or received a penny from anywhere or anyone. It's my job.
We are all part of a community & if one of us is down or in pain, others try to step up to the plate. As to washing things off, you have no idea of the raw hands people have now. Some things were covered with spots of mold & they present a hazard not just to the homeowner but to the larger community because mold spores fly through the air.
Try talking with people instead of judging them from your nice warm car.
larry
9:09 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
have to agree with whitey people are trowing out everything and not trying to salvage anything.
Edie Pepe
3:03 pm on Wednesday, February 6, 2013
That is not true, I spent hours throughout the nights taking my things and after educating myself on how to salvage my things I tried as hard as I could. Don't lump all of us together, I kep being told it was "Black Water" needs to go, but I kept saying ever hear of BLEACH and other products, which I used until my hands were raw, so I was able to save what could be saved, and now I find out that my house needs to be raised, NEVER in OC history did my home ever take water, but now it is in the V zone, one pen swipe by Christie and our retirement is over. 30 years of paying for flood insurance, even when not deemed necessary by the bank and Mr. Christie with no due diligence has ruined more lives then the storm.
Rick
4:22 pm on Wednesday, February 6, 2013
A friend who lives in Nantucket and has been through flooding several times suggested good old 40 Mule Team Borax. It will absorb water out of wooden and fabric furniture and then can be used to clean these items.
The governor didn't create the new flood maps and the new V zones. Since your house did take water this time, don't you think it would be prudent to follow the FEMA advice and raise your house out of harm's way?
Or do you think that if it happens again next year or ten years from now, we the taxpayers should foot the bill to repair your house again?
foggyworld
9:48 pm on Wednesday, February 6, 2013
WRONG. Water destroyed many things so that they no longer can be used. But the health hazard attached to mold is huge and it takes expensive liquids to properly attempt to remove it. Try $36 a gallon and look at the size of the problem and understand no one but no one came to help.
Rick
2:25 pm on Wednesday, February 13, 2013
foggyworld,
I didn't say that something like 40 Mule Team would clean everything.
But if you go to whatever store to get something to clean furnature or to remove mold do you think they are going to recommend 40 Mule Team and/or bleach or something that sells for $36 a gallon?
Rick
2:32 pm on Wednesday, February 13, 2013
Edie Pepe,
I keep hearing this term "Black Water" but no one seems to define it. I know Blackwater is/was a private military contractor that worked in Iraq and other areas. Other than that, I would think black water would be found in murky, back water bayous in Lousiana.
~Barb~
10:12 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
Who is the girl in the picture and why is it posted here?
Ortley
10:26 am on Saturday, December 15, 2012
have to wonder same thing Barb...lol
Topps
4:57 pm on Saturday, December 15, 2012
Here's a solution to shortage of money for Sandy storm ...Have gas companies give up 1/3 of profits to help recovery..They will look like heros..still make billions for them selfs..and pay backs to the people for screwing the shit out of us for all these years...
Donna Griffin
9:41 pm on Saturday, December 15, 2012
Brick living - I'd prefer to insist that Congress spend not one dime more than they take in. If you think gas companies are the cause of our deficit, you really need to go back to school.
Donna Livingstone
9:11 am on Monday, December 17, 2012
I HAVE A PROBLEM.FIVE GENERATIONS OWN OUR HOME IN BEACH HAVEN WEST,HAVE FLOOD INSURANCE. NOT PRIMARY HOME. ....PAY TAXES AND UTILITIES YEAR ROUND..... UTILIZE HOME YEAR ROUND.... NOT PRIMARY HOME..CAN NOT GET HELP FROM FEMA....NOT PRIMARY HOME, WE PAY TAXES YEAR ROUND....NOT ENTITLED TO HELP FROM ANYONE! THANKS!
Rick
9:29 am on Monday, December 17, 2012
Do you realize that the taxes you pay 'year round' are local taxes? They pay for the police and fire protection, garbage collection, road maintanence afforded to your house.
FEMA is not a 'free' insurance policy. It is there to help people who have lost their primary residence.
Rick
3:23 pm on Tuesday, December 18, 2012
So, you think FEMA should give your party house the same priority that people who lost their primary residence?
And FEMA and SBA are two separate entities of the Federal Government. The fact that you even mentioned SBA implies that you also use this as a rental property. Year round residences should get priority.
proud
10:30 pm on Wednesday, January 9, 2013
@Rick, a primary residence can get a SBC loan. FEMA is a federal agency with many functions and programs. I'm not saying that I believe that all these programs are good or equitable. They are what they are. What I do believe is that the tri-stae area is in dire need of federal aid, and deservedly so. The double edged sword that the politicians in the house fail to recognize as they slack, is that the economy in the most densely populated region of the country being atrophied is an economic nightmare for the country given the fedral revenue reduction. I will defer my humanitarian dissertation for a subsequent discussion .
Donna Livingstone
11:31 am on Tuesday, December 18, 2012
i never said FEMA was free insurance. What I said is that it may not be PRIMARY residence but is utilized year round. FEMA will not even help with a SBL.
Also we lost everything on the first floor that was only a year old due to renovations.We wish we could have salvaged a lot of things but were not able to.
Mike
4:45 pm on Tuesday, December 18, 2012
Surprised that this article would list the zones incorrectly. There is no "B" zone it is a "V" zone where there is high velocity wave action. Doesn't anyone proof read anymore.
The mapping includes three different zones. B Zones are high hazard zones that would be impacted by ocean waves during a one percent storm, like homes along the ocean. A Zones are also high hazard zones, but would only have expectation of significant damage during one percent chance storms. The final zone is the X Zone, which present moderate hazard.
On our own
9:54 am on Saturday, December 29, 2012
Proof read? Mike, that's V zone, that are high hazard impacted by ocean waves... honest mistake for you too...
hongfeng
10:53 pm on Tuesday, January 8, 2013
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Rick
7:58 pm on Wednesday, January 9, 2013
GOSH, Thanks for sharing
Raymond W Houck
9:09 pm on Tuesday, January 15, 2013
Hi Fred is the the FRED i know ??? RAY
Chris
9:50 am on Saturday, January 26, 2013
The new insurance guidelines are simply another way to generate revenue. Can you imagine paying $30K + per year for flood insurance? And if homes need to be raised 5 feet, does that then change the max height restrictions based on building code which I believe is 35 feet?
Rick
4:06 pm on Saturday, January 26, 2013
As I understand it, if you have to raise a house the height restriction would be measured from the base of the first floor, not from ground level.
foggyworld
9:52 pm on Wednesday, February 6, 2013
I believe it is 37' and there has been some quiet talk about raising that a bit but it's not on the top of the pops list yet.
Rick
4:08 pm on Saturday, January 26, 2013
Of course the new guidelines are intended to generate revenue. That revenue is what would be used to make payments the next time the house gets flooded.
George Kasimos
1:46 pm on Wednesday, January 30, 2013
Dear Press, Public Officials and Flood Insurance Property Owners:
What we want are our Politicians to change;
1) A thorough re-evaluation of the flood zones, in a timely fashion.
2) Evaluating if we raise the dunes a few feet if it will significantly reduce all our flood levels and insurance premiums.
3) Getting quick answers as to who gets the mitigation grants, when they get the grant and for how much.
4) Creative ways to lower our flood insurance premiums
5) Grace period of a few years before the rise in flood insurance premiums
6) FEMA to notify all homeowners of the impending new flood insurance rates and elevation requirements
What we want from all Flood Insurance homeowners to do;
1) Copy and paste this email and send to your local, state, federal politicians and members of Press.
2) Form Coalition to protect our interests.
3) Spread the word to your neighbors
George Kasimos
www.facebook.com/StopFemaNow
Rick
11:43 pm on Friday, February 1, 2013
Here are some comments from Congressman Rush Holt;
http://holt.congressnewsletter.net/mail/util.cfm?gpiv=2100099122.42534.296&gen=1
jerseyswamps
4:28 am on Saturday, February 2, 2013
Can this guy be more out of touch with what is important to us right now? This is like a goof from SNL. He brags about opening a facility that continues to hemorrhage tax dollars, brags that he is super pet friendly, and then says we had a bad storm but the federal government is here to help and you can call FEMA or your insurance company for assistance.
News flash. Most voters have not found FEMA or their insurance companies very helpful. Most are finding FEMA and insurance the source of their financial ruin. But that's OK. You're good to puppies and kittens.
proud
9:35 am on Tuesday, February 5, 2013
This is a GREAT Facebook page. It's full of information and proves that the economic impact of the new FEMA regulations and the willingness of the once great State of New Jersey and the municipalities that don't don't fight for their constituencies will destroy the shore..The ramifications will affect all citizens, not just those directly affected:
[Stop FEMA now | Facebook
www.facebook.com/StopFemaNow
facebook/StopFemaNow. Flood-elevation maps will destroy the Shore. www.app.com. Gov. Christie's adoption of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's ...]
Forked River Piney
5:36 pm on Wednesday, February 13, 2013
Proud you voted for the round guy Bi Polar? you betcha
re-tired
11:26 pm on Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Emailed fema about the errors I found on their maps and was told they used 1929 and 1988 maps x 1.2 factor to determine new abfe bullshit heights ,so much about "scientific findings. Why not eliminate all the freebe giveaway grants that never come and come up with low cost affordable policies ? More people means lower cost to all. For 50 bucks my auto insurer covered my 14k auto loss and still makes money.
George Kasimos
12:37 pm on Friday, February 22, 2013
They should have used google maps. But that doesn't cost anything.
www.StopFemaNow.com
www.Facebook.com/StopFemaNow
Sal Sorce
11:43 am on Friday, February 22, 2013
How about an average insurance bill of $2500- per year
for 1550 borough homes average for 25 years ...
approx total sum of $1,562,500--- assuming no damages were paid out ...
NOW DON'T YOU FEEL SORRY FOR THE INSURANCE
COMPANIES ...
Rick
1:32 pm on Friday, February 22, 2013
Your math is just a bit off. $2500 X 1550 is over $3.8 million a year.
Of course your logic can also apply to auto insurance.
proud
5:48 pm on Friday, February 22, 2013
@ re-tired, Fema changed from using NGVD to NAVD in 2006:
NGVD 29 stands for National Geode
tic Vertical Datum of 1929.
It is a system that has been us
ed by surveyors and engineers for
most of the 20
th
Century. It has been th
e basis for relating ground
and flood elevations, but it has been replaced by the more-
accurate North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).
training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/.../440%20BMM%20NGVD-NAVD.pdf
Sal Sorce
4:16 pm on Friday, February 22, 2013
$3,875,000 x 25 years = $ 96,875,000 YIKES